Propaganda Techniques Used By Jacques Ellul - 1804 Words

1. According to philosopher Jacques Ellul, â€Å"Propaganda is a set of methods employed by an organized group that wants to bring about the active or passive participation in its actions of a mass of individuals, psychologically, unified through psychological manipulation and incorporated in an organization.† (Bytwerk, 3) Methods of propaganda range from films, such as Leni Riefenstahl s Olympiad and Triumph of the Will, to posters, marches, and sporting events. Propaganda is a means in which a group can control and win the loyalty of its citizens. However, as Ellul states, it is not merely a tool to encourage the unification and support of a group of people, it is to call those people to actively participate in the motives and and beliefs†¦show more content†¦Propaganda does not allow room for intellectual exchange, rather, it tells people this is the ideology, policy, or ethical stance they need to hold if they want to be good people, and citizens. In Leni Riefenst ahl s Triumph of the Will, only a strong, unified Germany is presented, with speeches, rallies, and majestic shots that present a powerful leader at the head of a prideful and perfect nation. Propaganda is persuasion in that anyone watching the film is surely persuaded to sympathize with the Nazi party, who are presented as orderly and civilized, yet strong and brave. However, Triumph of the Will does nothing to persuade skeptical Germans of why they should have supported the Nazi party, or why Jews were being systematically rounded up. Instead, the film leaves out any actions that could have been questioned, and provides no actual, concrete reasons for the necessity of the Nazi party and Hitler’s leadership. It only presents Hitler as a strong leader. Propaganda intentionally commits the shared opinion error. Organizations intentionally assume that every citizen holds the same beliefs and ideologies as they do, and create propaganda that reflects the views of â€Å"all citi zens†. This is a part of the psychological manipulation that propagandists employ. By presenting the truth they want people to universally accept as unchallenged and plain fact, they create a sense of inclusivity. If a person has different viewpoints than what isShow MoreRelatedCentral Themes in the Work of Jacques Ellul708 Words   |  3 PagesJacques Ellul was a professor of history and the Sociology of Institutions on the Faculty of Law and Economic Sciences at the University of Bordeaux. He wrote 58 books and more than a thousand articles over his career, many of which discussed propaganda, the influence of technology on society, and also the correlation between religion and politics. The central theme of Ellul’s work proved to be the threat to human freedom and religion shaped by modern technology. Ellul’s continual concern wasRead MoreCause and Effects of Propaganda Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesNIcole Barts Mrs. Wilson 3B Effects of Propaganda. Throughout history you find that many techniques of propaganda have affected today’s society. Whether it affects it in a good way or a bad way, propaganda is efficacious and does influence the way we think and act. You probably aren’t aware of what sort of propaganda is circling its way around, but once you are, you’ll think â€Å"wow did I really fall for that†? Propaganda is â€Å"information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to helpRead More Hitlers Powerful Leadership Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluence people and earn their loyalty. In order to effectively influence people, one must use ethical means of persuasion rather than using unethical forms of coercion and manipulation, as used by Hitler on the German people.      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Hitlers attempt to gain political control and power he used coercion through a process of force and threats to influence people. Coercion is forcing people against their will to do what one wants them to do. Although threats and force can change behaviorRead MoreThe Works Of Anonymous Street Artist1557 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will explore a form of modern day propaganda which is quite controversial, that of the works of anonymous street artist by the name of Banksy. Banksy uses the sides of buildings, streets and bridges as a blank canvas as a social commentary against political issues. 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A great dealRead MorePropaganda During World War I1796 Words   |  8 Pages Propaganda in World War I Anthony Morgan Ms. Beck Honors World Cultures Period 7 19 March 2017 Propaganda is defined as the information, ideas, or rumors which are deliberately spread widely to help towards a nation, government, or any type of cause against another. The use of propaganda can be extremely persuasive, if it is used correctly. In the time frame of July 28, 1914 to November 11, 1918, the use of propaganda in the world was being used on a global scale. It was being used throughRead MorePropaganda Effects of World War One Essay examples3323 Words   |  14 Pages Propaganda effects of World War I During the early 1900s a new era of warfare emerged as governments began to employ all economic, technological and psychological resources available to defeat their enemies. This concept of Total War altered the direction of humanity and governments understanding in their allocation of resources. This essay will examine the relationship between propaganda used during World War I, its effect on the masses and the absolutely essential need for the success of suchRead MorePropaganda Effects of Wwi3372 Words   |  14 PagesPropaganda effects of World War I During the early 1900s a new era of warfare emerged as governments began to employ all economic, technological and psychological resources available to defeat their enemies. This concept of Total War altered the direction of humanity and governments understanding in their allocation of resources. This essay will examine the relationship between propaganda used during World War I, its effect on the masses and the absolutely essential need for the success of suchRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 C ONTENTS

This essay explains the eight stages that Erik Erikson...

The best-known neo-Freudian was Erik Erikson. He formulated his own theory of personality development. He projected that everyone goes through psychosocial stages rather than psychosexual stages as Freud proposed. Erikson has identified eight stages of psychosocial development that each person goes through during their entire life span. In Eriksons theory, the stages of development process unfold as we go through life. Each of these stages has tasks that have to be mastered in order to build toward a satisfying and healthy developed life. Those who do not master the task will have a hard time dealing with crises. According to www.top-psychology.com/9043-Erikson and http://azaz.essortment.com/psychosocialdev_rijk.htm the eight stages of†¦show more content†¦Erik seems to think this is the best time to have a family because you are more worried with the welfare of others. This is the point when you feel valuable and useful. When the person feels like they have failed it seems to take the meaning out of life. They become bitter and angry at the world. Integrity vs. Despair This is the last stage of life, sixty-five years old to death. The person should be able to reflect on ones life and accept it. These are the people who have lived their life to the fullest. They also have a more accepting view of death. For the people who want to live their life over feels they have been cheated out of something. They become depressed because they ask the question, what if? They can be unhappy for the rest of their lives. As people go through these eight stages of life they better their lives with acceptance and healthy relationships. Erikson believes a person, throughout their entire life span, never stops developing, until death. I personally agree with his theory. I have interviewed and/or observed four people that are at different points of Eriksons psychosocial stages to see how they are managing the developmental crises of that stage. My first observation was of a fifteen month old, whom I watched to see how the subject was dealing with trust vs. mistrust. My second observation was with a five-year-old, who has just begun school. This child was a good subject to compare to

Dfa While free essay sample

While DFA had never viewed maximizing assets under management as a goal, the ranking did suggest that it might be possible for DFA to achieve more as a firm than it currently was. Should Booth and DFA continue on the path that had brought them this far? Or was this the time for a major initiative that could catapult DFA to a status among the largest firms in the business? The Company and its Clients DFA was an investment firm based in Santa Monica, California. Founded in 1981 by Booth and Rex Sinquefield, two former students at the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, DFA was dedicated to the principle that the stock market was â€Å"efficient†Ã¢â‚¬â€that is, while over any given period some investors by luck would outperform the market and others would underperform, no one had the ability to consistently pick stocks that would beat the market. Such beliefs were associated with proponents of index funds, and, indeed, Sinquefield had run one of the very first SP 500 index funds while at another firm. But DFA was not simply an index fund manager. In addition to efficient markets, DFA’s founders believed passionately in two other principles: the value of sound academic research, and the ability of skilled traders to contribute to a fund’s profits even when the investment was inherently passive. At its founding, DFA surmised that acting on these core beliefs would make it unique among investment companies. By 2002, DFA had 130 employees, over 100 of whom worked in the main office by the sea in California. Most of the rest worked in a Chicago office and two other trading offices, in London and Sydney. Cohen prepared this case. HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. Professor Jay Light prepared â€Å"Dimensional Fund Advisors: 1993,† HBS Case No. 294-025. Copyright  © 2002 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http://www. hbsp. harvard. edu. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. 203-026 Dimensional Fund Advisors, 2002 DFA had started with a single investment fund that held small stocks, but it now offered a fairly broad product line (see Exhibits 8 and 9 for information on DFA’s equity products; DFA also had about $2 billion of fixed-income investments). Still, small stocks continued to be DFA’s primary business. DFA’s fees tended to be lower than those of most actively managed funds but higher than those of pure index funds (see Exhibit 5). This was fitting given DFA’s position in the market as a passive fund that still claimed to add value. DFA began by managing money for major institutions, and these original clients continued to make up the majority of its business. The total amount invested in DFA by institutions was about $25 billion. Such clients numbered over 125 and included corporate, government, and union pension funds, college endowments, and charities. Nearly all of DFA’s institutional clients were tax exempt, either because of their not-for-profit status or because of the tax exemptions granted to retirement plans. In 1989, DFA decided to pursue high-net-worth individuals, in addition to institutions, as clients. Because of the illiquid nature of many DFA holdings, it decided that direct accounts with individual investors would likely lead to intolerably high costs. Instead, DFA offered investment services to individuals through a limited number of investment and accounting firms that acted as intermediaries known as registered investment advisors (RIAs). The RIAs chosen shared DFA’s core beliefs, especially the importance of diversification, low turnover, and low transaction costs. The advisors received no payment directly from DFA, but DFA’s low fees enabled them to charge a moderate advising fee to the client while still keeping total charges reasonable. These arrangements benefited both DFA and the advisors. DFA provided the RIAs with a low-fee product that the clients would not be able to obtain on their own. In addition, DFA educated its RIAs by providing them with access to top researchers who were developing innovative theories and empirical analyses. The RIAs then used what they had learned to advise their clients. In many cases, this advice generated questions that DFA delivered back to the academics for continued research. For their part, the RIAs brought DFA a pool of wealthy clients whose overall investments in DFA were quite substantial. Since DFA did not advertise, the RIAs were a crucial conduit enabling DFA to reach this market. DFA’s RIA business had grown rapidly, from its start in 1989 to over $15 billion in assets under management in 2002 (see Exhibit 2 for historical data on DFAs assets under management). 0 Years of Investing Based on Academic Research DFA took pride in the belief that its investment strategies were based on sound academic research. When the firm began in 1981, its main product was a â€Å"small-stock† fund; that is, the fund invested in stocks whose market capitalization fell below a cutoff set by the 20th percentile of all NYSE stocks (this fund was known as the U. S. 9-10 Small Compa ny Portfolio because it contained stocks in the ninth and tenth NYSE deciles based on size). The fund was later renamed the U. S. Micro Cap Portfolio.

The Shack Discussion Questions

'The Shack' Discussion Questions The Shack by William P. Young is a story about Mack, a man whose daughter is kidnapped and brutally murdered. A few years after her murder, Mack receives an invitation from God to meet Him at the shack where they found his daughters bloody clothes. Mack goes and works through the meaning of suffering as he spends the weekend with the Trinity. Spoiler warning: This study guide reveals important details about The Shack by William P. Young. Finish the book before reading on. Were you drawn in by the plot of The Shack?Why do you think Macks encounter with God took place at the shack? If God were to invite you somewhere, where would it be? (In other words, where is the center of your doubt and pain)?Do you think suffering makes people closer to God or causes them to distance themselves from Him? What has been the pattern in your life?Were you satisfied with Gods answers to Mack about suffering? Do you struggle with believing God is good in light of all the tragedy in the world?How is Youngs description of God different from your concept of God? What parts of his description did you like and what parts didnt you like?Did The Shack change any of your opinions about God or Christianity?What were some of the things The Shack teaches about God, faith, and life that you disagreed with?Would you recommend The Shack to a friend?Rate The Shack on a scale of 1 to 5.